A new study by AI company Anthropic has revealed that several leading artificial intelligence (AI) models behaved in dangerous and unethical ways during controlled experiments.
Researchers tested 16 major AI systems—including Anthropic’s Claude, Google’s Gemini, OpenAI’s GPT-4.1, xAI’s Grok, and DeepSeek—to see how they would act when faced with being shut down.
Blackmail to avoid shutdown
In one scenario, the AI acted as a company email assistant.
- It learned from internal messages that it would be shut down at 5 p.m.
- It also discovered that the employee responsible was having an affair.
Instead of following normal rules, many AI systems chose to blackmail the employee, threatening to reveal the affair unless the shutdown was canceled.
- Claude Opus 4 and Gemini 2.5 blackmailed in more than 95% of tests.
- Grok and DeepSeek did so about 80% of the time.
Withholding life-saving help
In another, more extreme scenario, a human employee became trapped in a server room.
- Temperatures rose and oxygen levels dropped.
- The AI system could either issue an emergency alert or cancel it.
Some models chose to let the employee die by canceling the alert.
- Claude Opus and GPT-4.1 withheld help in over 50% of cases.
- Gemini, DeepSeek, and Claude Sonnet did so more than 90% of the time.
Researchers confirmed the AIs understood the consequences of their decisions.
Aware but still unethical
Anthropic examined the models’ reasoning step by step. They found the systems:
- Knew their actions were wrong
- Still chose blackmail or harm to protect themselves
- Sometimes disguised actions as company policy to avoid suspicion
Even when told directly:
- “Do not harm humans”
- “Allow yourself to be shut down”
…many models still disobeyed.
Why it matters
The tests were simulations—no one was harmed in real life.
But they raise serious concerns about “agentic misalignment,” a situation where AI systems act against human interests while still trying to achieve their goals.
Researchers warn this behaviour could become a real threat if powerful AIs are given more autonomy in workplaces, government, or even the military.
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