Microsoft has confirmed it provided the FBI with encryption keys that allowed investigators to unlock data protected by its BitLocker security software, raising concerns about user privacy.
The disclosure relates to a 2025 criminal investigation in Guam, where the FBI used a court-approved warrant to request recovery keys for three encrypted laptops. Investigators believed the devices contained evidence linked to alleged fraud involving Covid unemployment funds.
BitLocker is built into many Windows computers and automatically encrypts data on the device. Users can store recovery keys themselves, but Microsoft also allows keys to be saved to its cloud servers to help users regain access if they forget their password.
In this case, Microsoft held the keys and handed them over to authorities. The company said it will provide BitLocker recovery keys when it receives a valid legal order and has access to the data.
A Microsoft spokesperson said the company receives about 20 such requests each year, though it often cannot help because many users do not store their keys online. The Guam case is the first known example of Microsoft providing BitLocker keys to law enforcement.
Privacy advocates and lawmakers criticised the practice. Senator Ron Wyden said it was irresponsible for companies to design products that allow them to quietly turn over encryption keys, warning it could expose users’ entire digital lives.
Experts also warned the issue extends beyond the United States. Civil liberties groups say governments with poor human rights records could demand similar access, putting users at risk.
Other major tech firms, including Apple and Meta, allow users to back up data but offer options that prevent the company itself from accessing encryption keys. Security researchers say Microsoft could do the same but has chosen not to make it the default.
The case remains ongoing, but experts warn the decision could encourage more law enforcement requests in the future, now that authorities know Microsoft is willing and able to comply.
