The United States is expanding its facial biometrics program to photograph all Canadian travellers entering and leaving the country at land borders, airports, and seaports.
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced a new rule on Friday making it mandatory for non-U.S. citizens, including Canadians, to participate. The rule takes effect December 26, 2025. Under the program, images of foreign travellers will be stored in a DHS database for up to 75 years.
For nearly a decade, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) has used facial recognition to verify identities at some international airports. The expanded program will include departures at airports, seaports, and vehicle lanes at land borders. CBP plans to fully implement the technology at land borders next year and expects airport and seaport coverage within three to five years.
CBP spokesperson Jessica Turner said the program enhances security, ensures accurate records, and helps enforce immigration laws. Tracking exits will also allow CBP to identify travellers who overstay their visas.
The expansion has raised privacy concerns. Experts warn that without federal regulations, facial biometrics could be misused for surveillance or purposes beyond immigration enforcement. Travelers will no longer have the option to opt out starting December 26.
Toronto psychologist Warren Shepell, who was recently photographed by CBP before boarding a flight from Cleveland, said he felt ambushed and violated. He criticized the lack of prior notice and expressed concerns about privacy.
Canadian travel experts also warn the program may reduce tourism. U.S. immigration lawyer Len Saunders said photographing Canadians en masse could discourage visits, adding that the current U.S. administration does not appear concerned about tourism declines.
Recent statistics show Canadian trips to the U.S. have already dropped, with air travel down 27% and land crossings down nearly 35% year-over-year.
CBP emphasizes that the program is limited to identity verification at designated points and locations, and it uses technology to streamline the process, claiming it is safe and secure for travellers.
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